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mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9100

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9100: The Influence of the Interlayer Structure Under the Combined Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Permeability Law of Shale

2+ hour, 42+ min ago   (455+ words) The laminated structure in shale rock plays a crucial role in fluid migration during shale gas exploitation. This study investigated the evolution patterns and mechanisms of shale permeability under the influence of laminae through multiple permeability experiments, including steady-state flow…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9097

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9097: Research on the Whirling and Vibration Characteristics of Steel–Titanium Alloy Composite Drill Strings for Ultra-Deep Wells

3+ hour, 20+ min ago   (503+ words) To address whirling- and vibration-induced failures in ultra-deep well drill strings caused by high slenderness ratios and complex loading conditions, this study establishes a nonlinear dynamic finite element model for a steel–titanium alloy composite drill string. The model is…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9098

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9098: Pairwise Classification as a Unified Framework for Offline Reinforcement Learning and Large-Language-Model Alignment

3+ hour, 20+ min ago   (496+ words) Offline reinforcement learning (offline RL) and large-language-model (LLM) alignment are typically studied as independent domains and each has developed its own pairwise comparison technique. Prior studies have validated pairwise classification exclusively within offline RL, leaving open the question of whether it…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9096

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9096: Position-Related Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Field-Test Physical Performance of Elite Female Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

1+ hour, 23+ min ago   (551+ words) Background: Volleyball court roles impose distinct physical demands, yet multi-domain position-specific profiles of elite female players are scarce. This study compared anthropometric characteristics and field-test physical performance across five positions. Methods: Fifty players (10 per position: setter, libero, outside hitter, opposite,…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9094

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9094: 3D Geological Modeling Using Geostatistical, Deterministic, and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: A Comparative Analysis for Delineating Mineralized Zones

17+ hour, 17+ min ago   (347+ words) The delineation of mineralized zones within deposits is inherently associated with geological uncertainty, directly impacting resource-reserve estimation and eventual extraction. This study presents a comparative analysis of three geological modeling techniques, including Indicator Kriging (IK), Nearest Neighbor (NN), and Multilayer…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9095

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9095: Strain-Based Quantitative Inversion of Localized Corrosion Defects in Storage Tanks Using Finite Element-Driven Machine Learning

18+ hour, 12+ min ago   (409+ words) Wall thinning caused by corrosion changes the circumferential strain response of storage tanks, but nonlinear coupling among structural parameters, loading conditions, strain characteristics, and defect geometry makes direct inversion difficult. This paper develops a strain-based, finite element (FE)-based machine…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9092

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9092: DSM-Based Quantitative Comparison of Centralized and Modular Architectures of a Field-Deployed Electrohydraulic Lifting Device, Validated by Prototype Experiments

18+ hour, 29+ min ago   (495+ words) Steel storage tanks are erected on site by multi-cylinder hydraulic lifting, conventionally from one power unit feeding all cylinders through a flow divider. Decentralized alternatives have not been evaluated for this task, and modularity in fluid power is rarely quantified....

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9093

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9093: Security and Safety of Large Language Models—A Use Case for Extended Reality Environments

18+ hour, 39+ min ago   (361+ words) This research investigates the security of large language models (LLMs) with the aim of identifying key security and safety threats, control measures, and governance considerations that are relevant to their trustworthy adoption in the Extended Reality (XR) domain. To achieve…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9089

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9089: Morphometric Characterization of Northeastern Donkeys from the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region: A First Step Toward Conservation

20+ hour, 15+ min ago   (543+ words) The Northeastern Donkey represents an important animal genetic resource adapted to the semi-arid conditions of Brazil, being recognized for its hardiness and ability to survive under challenging environmental conditions. However, the progressive reduction in the use of these animals in…...

mdpi.com
mdpi.com > 2076-16/18/3417 > 9091

Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 9091: Alginate-Based Bioformulation with Four Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria for Sustainable Biostimulation of Spearmint Growth and Natural Defense

21+ hour, 4+ min ago   (443+ words) Spearmint is a medicinal and aromatic crop vulnerable to several diseases, and its cultivation relies heavily on chemical inputs, which can alter phytonutrient quality and raise environmental and health concerns. To address this, the current study focused on developing a…...